Warsaw, 9 January 1950. Trainee judge Irena Skonieczna, acting as a member of the Main Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland, interviewed the person named below, who testified as follows:
Name and surname | Józef Zawadzki |
Date and place of birth | 9 December 1904, Warsaw |
Parents’ names | Idzi and Józefa, née Kasak |
Father’s profession | laborer |
Citizenship and nationality | Polish |
Religion | Roman Catholic |
Education | 4 classes of elementary school |
Occupation | water-transport worker |
Place of residence | Warsaw, Zagórna Street 12A, flat 12 |
Criminal record | none |
When the Warsaw Uprising broke out, I was at home at Solec Street 35. Until 18 September 1944, all of the residents of our house, the house at Idźkowskiego Street 4, and those of the city’s populace who had found themselves in the area by chance, gathered in the shelter of house no. 4 at Idźkowskiego Street. On 13 September some of Berling’s soldiers managed to get through to our area. In spite of their assistance, however, by 16 September the Germans had managed to capture all of the houses in our street, with the exception of ours. There were insurgents in the house and a few of their wounded were lying in the basements. On 18 September, when the Germans were occupying our house, there were still some insurgents – numbering six or so – on the premises of house no. 4 at Idźkowskiego Street.
The Germans showered our house with grenades. Next they ordered the people gathered in the basements to come out. In total there were some 400 people sheltering there. We started to walk out into the street. The Germans fired at us from the houses that they had just captured. I exited with my wife and children. Right before my eyes, still on the stairs, they killed Bercholz and in the street also Ms Wietecka [and] Józef Troczyński. Together with my family I walked to the school at Zagórna Street 9. There they separated the women from the men. They kept the men upstairs. The women and children were led down to the basements, which housed the insurgent hospital and where the elderly from the old people’s home at Czerniakowska Street, on the corner of Zagórna Street, were lying.
After two hours or so, all of us – both women and men – were led out of the school at Zagórna Street. They walked us along Czerniakowska and Fabryczna streets to Rozbrat Street. There at the Batory school they stopped us and added even more people from other streets to our group. A few men – myself among them – were detained for work. The rest of the people marched on. Initially, I was engaged in carrying dead and wounded Germans to the Batory school. Later on I dug trenches in Powiśle, this for a period of five days. There were approximately 20 of us men there. Only three of us are still alive today. The rest perished while we were digging the trenches.
On 23 September1944 I got through to Pruszków. I know nothing about the fate [of the hospital] at Zagórna Street. We later calculated that approximately 70 people could have perished during the execution conducted at Idźkowskiego Street on 18 September. Of these, I knew Dubielecka, Józef Troczyński, Zygmunt Woźnicki and Wietecka. Additionally, many of those who had got through to us from the Old Town and Mokotów using the sewers also perished.
In the spring of 1945, in April, the Polish Red Cross performed an exhumation in this area.
At this point the report was brought to a close and read out.