On 17 June 1947, the Municipal Court in Zakopane, Third Branch, in the person of Judge M. Fałek, with the participation of a reporter, articled clerk K. Piwowarczyk, interviewed the person specified below as an unsworn witness. Having been advised of the criminal liability for making false declarations and of the wording of Article 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the witness testified as follows:
Name and surname | Maria Liberak |
Age | 47 |
Parents’ names | Karol and Maria Sołowiej |
Place of residence | Zakopane, Zamoyskiego Street |
Occupation | manager of a forestry lodge |
Religious affiliation | Roman Catholic |
Criminal record | none |
Relationship to the parties | none |
I spent the time from the autumn of 1940 until the end of the war, uninterruptedly, in the Ravensbrück camp. Maria Mandl was the overseer of the bunker at first, and at that time I saw her beat up a Polish prisoner – somewhat mentally ill and non-political, brought there to serve a sentence received during forced labor in Germany – until the woman died before my eyes. Later Mandl became head overseer of the camp and during that period she was exceptionally hateful towards Poles. She beat us and picked on us constantly, making her time at the camp the hardest to bear for the Poles. She especially hated it if a prisoner had naturally curly hair. One time she noticed curls on a young Polish girl who had previously undergone surgical experiments, so she brutally beat her up with a baton and gave an order to shave the girl’s head and make her run through the camp wearing humiliating signs. Under Mandl, our shoes were taken away as early as on 1 April 1942 and we walked barefoot until November. Whenever someone put paper under their bare feet during roll call, Mandl herself would brutally beat them for that. Another time, when she was the bunker overseer, I saw her attack some woman and brutally beat her for no apparent reason.
The girl with curls who was beaten by Mandl was Maria Plater, currently residing in Warszawa, Grochowska Street 174.
I do not remember the names of other victims.
Very frequent and severe surgical experiments took place under Mandl, who revoked all preferential treatment in the camp reserved for subjects of operations. In addition, Mandl mixed all prisoners together, regardless of their nationality.
I do not recall the names of other overseers. Maybe I could say something about them if I were shown their photographs.
I was never detained in the camp in Auschwitz.