LEOKADIA KOWALSKA

On 17 September 1947, the Municipal Court in Rawicz, Fourth Branch, in the person of the Municipal Judge Szczepka (MA), with the participation of a reporter, court registrar Godzisiak, interviewed the person specified below as a witness. The witness was advised of the criminal liability for making false declarations, and of the wording of Article 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and of the significance of the oath. The judge swore the witness in accordance with the provisions of Article 111 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The witness then testified as follows:


Name and surname Leokadia Kowalska
Age 33
Parents’ names Kazimierz and Stanisława
Place of residence Zakrzewo, Rawicz district
Occupation unskilled
Religious affiliation Roman Catholic
Criminal record none
Relationship to the parties none

On 16 May 1940, I was transported to the concentration camp in Ravensbrück, where I stayed until May 1944. I was then transported from Ravensbrück to Hanover, where I stayed in an ammunition factory until March 1945. I was transported back to Ravensbrück, where I was liberated by the Swedish Red Cross.

During my first detention in Ravensbrück, Maria Mandl was an ordinary overseer. During my second detention in Ravensbrück, she held the positions of senior overseer, camp commandant, and overseer of the punishment cell.

I would characterize Maria Mandl as a sadist, a woman profoundly hostile and abusive towards Polish women. Mandl tormented prisoners, tortured and beat them senseless. In the winter she ordered prisoners to stand outside in the cold with no stockings or shoes, until [some of them] died.

A fellow prisoner who could provide information about Maria Mandl’s conduct is Kazimiera Chytra [Hytra], residing in Szamotuły, Świerczewskiego Street 10.

The report was read out before signing and concluded.