JANUSZ SZCZUROWSKI

Warsaw, 25 April 1946. Examining Judge Halina Wereńko, delegated to the Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes, interviewed the person named below as a witness. Having advised the witness of the criminal liability for making false declarations and of the significance of the oath, the judge took an oath therefrom, following which the witness testified as follows:


Name and surname Janusz Szczurowski
Parents’ names Józef and Zofia, née Brawczyńska
Date of birth 26 February 1928 in Warsaw
Occupation trainee at the Phillips factory
Education vocational school
Place of residence Warsaw, Stolarska Street 6, flat 2
Religion Roman Catholic
Criminal record none

During the Warsaw Uprising I took part in the fighting as a rifleman in the "Chrobry" battalion. The battalion fought in the Wola district, and after that passed through the Ghetto to the Old Town. Around 10 August 1944 (I don’t remember the exact date) I was in Nalewki Street and received wounds to both of my legs. I was carried to the hospital located in Simons’ Arcade, and later, when the Germans started to occupy the area, all of the wounded from the hospital in which I lay were transferred to the facility at Długa Street 7, to the 3rd ward, in the cellar. I was placed in a room with some 30 other wounded. The room was crowded and some of us had to lie three to a pallet. I remember the following pseudonyms of the medical and sanitary personnel: Dr "Roman", sisters "Zofia" and "Nina". I don’t know their surnames.

On 1 September the insurrectionists withdrew from the Old Town; some of the less severely wounded and a few of the men from my room used the sewers to try and get to Śródmieście together with the soldiers (I don’t know whether their attempt was successful). The medical and sanitary personnel left, too. Only sister "Zofia" remained in our room.

The next day in the morning (2 September) some of the staff returned to the hospital, for they had been unable to escape through the sewers. On that day at … the hospital was occupied by German units. A few SS men burst into our room, checking whether any of us had German boots or trousers. The sisters, however, had cleared away all such items beforehand, and so they found nothing. Sister "Zofia" told me that upstairs eight of the wounded had been found to have such articles, and they were shot. The SS men ordered us to open up our wounds, asking about the circumstances in which they were received. We were lying in the cellar on the coal, three to a single pallet – thus, we had to use our own dirty hands to untie the dressings. The SS men ordered the less severely wounded to walk out into the courtyard. Two or three of us who could walk exited, but a moment later I heard shots from the courtyard. Shots could also be heard in the building (from the ground floor and upper storeys). A few minutes later, the SS men once again barged into our room, shouting for everyone to leave. None of us could move, and so the SS men, shouting: Alles bandit, went from bed to bed and shot the wounded lying in their beds. At this time other German soldiers threw a grenade into the cellar, and the stairs caught fire. Soldiers from the ground floor were calling for their comrades to run from the cellar. The SS men stopped the execution and bolted, leaving nine of the wounded alive. Myself and "Oliwa" were in this group.

I heard shots until the evening. I lay quietly until the sounds from outside died down. The building was on fire, blazing beams fell into the cellar, while in room no. 1 – adjacent to ours – the Germans shot two or three people dead. The completely healthy housekeeper of Father Pągowski, who himself was wounded, and a 14-year old boy who had been wounded in the lung but was able to walk, tossed aside the burning beams. And so we remained for three days. One water barrel was soon empty, it lasted only one day, and sugar was the only food that we had left. I figured that at this time the nine rooms of the cellar were occupied by some 28 living people. In room 5, set aside for female patients, only two women had survived the execution.

On 4 September a burn patient, who had fallen ill with tetanus, and one of the surviving women from room 5, "Zosia" (whether this was her name or a pseudonym I do not know) suffered nervous breakdowns and started screaming. The "Ukrainians" who were pillaging the premises heard their cries and threw a grenade into the cellar; fortunately, no one was present in room 9. "Zośka" came out of the cellar, explaining that she was alone with a man ill with tetanus. We hid under the bodies and the beds. The "Ukrainians" barged into the cellar, but luckily for us they were not searching for anyone; unfortunately, they took the rest of our food – the sugar and biscuits – as well as the cigarettes, my photographs and documents, and then left.

The lack of water was difficult to bear. We crawled through the cellars, searching, but in vain. The priest and his housekeeper left the cellar and, as someone said, they were taken by the Germans to the hospital at the Carmelite Church. On 6 September before evening we heard a person cry out in Polish for anyone who was alive to come out. A small boy looked through the window and recognised a female nurse from our hospital, "Nina", and only then did we respond. We were so afraid of subterfuge on the part of the Germans that upon seeing the SS men next to sister "Nina" we once again hid under the bodies. Sister "Nina" had to explain that she had come with an emergency expedition from the hospital at the Carmelite Church, and the SS men were only an escort. On this day and the next, since there were very few stretchers and the female nurses often carried the wounded in their arms, 28 wounded from amongst those who survived in the cellar were transferred. I walked out supporting myself on a shovel and a broomstick. In the courtyard and at the gate of the hospital I saw the bodies of a few of the wounded, in some places scattered in three layers. I was accompanied by "Oliwa" (from room 3), Wiesław Grochowski (room 8) and Jan Aksenow, the brother of "Malarz" from Świętojańska Street (I don’t know his present address).

I don’t know whether any of the wounded lying on the upper floors of the building survived. We were placed in the hospital in the seminary at Krakowskie Przedmieście Street 52 (at the Carmelite Church), where I ate my first meal in many days and fell asleep. The next day, a bus took us to the Baby Jesus Hospital in the Borema villa in Milanówek. From there some of the patients, myself among them, were evacuated to Kraków.

On 15 December 1944 I was discharged from the hospital, even though I was still sick. While in town, I was caught by the Germans and sent to the transit camp in Prądnik, however due to my illness I was released.

At this point the report was brought to a close and read out.